Tuesday, September 23, 2008

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Monday, September 22, 2008

Meningkatkan Performa Database MySQL

Langkah berikut bisa digunakan untuk meningkatkan kecepatan akses terhadap database MySQL, terutama jika akses dilakukan dari komputer dengan sistem non Linux.
1. Memperbaiki DNS setting dan memasukkan ip address / nama host client yang mengakses mysql kedalam file /etc/hosts di server mysql.
Proses edit file /etc/hosts ini bisa dilakukan menggunakan webmin ataupun diedit langsung. Berdasarkan ujicoba langsung, tips ini meningkatkan kecepatan koneksi hingga 10X
2. Memperbaiki / meningkatkan setting konfigurasi MySQL pada file my.cnf.
Secara default, setting mysql menggunakan setting normal dengan memori kecil.

# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with
# other programs (such as a web server)
Dengan memori yang ada pada server (misalnya sebesar 1 GB), kemampuan MySQL dapat lebih ditingkatkan dengan menaikkan key_buffer_Size (untuk model tabel MYISAM) dan innodb_buffer_pool_size (untuk tipe table Inno-db) dan table_cache. Jangan lupa, angka yang diisikan adalah angka dalam bentuk umum memory (kelipatan dari 2n), misalnya 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB dll.
Dalam beberapa proses instalasi, biasanya ada juga file konfigurasi untuk mysql yang dijalankan pada komputer dengan memori besar. Nama file konfigurasinya : my-large.cnf. Pelajari file konfigurasi tersebut agar bisa diujicoba pada file konfigurasi my.cnf.
Sebelum melakukan perubahan setting, backup terlebih dahulu konfigurasi yang lama, untuk berjaga-jaga jika setting yang baru justru memunculkan masalah. Berdasarkan pengalaman, setting yang tidak tepat-terlalu tinggi misalnya-membuat MySQL tidak bisa dijalankan.
Jangan lupa, perubahan konfigurasi MySQL sebaiknya dilakukan dalam posisi MySQL off sehingga setelah selesai dire-konfigurasi bisa langsung ditest.
3. Meningkatkan kapasitas memori server
Memori yang lebih tinggi akan membuat server leluasa dalam melayani trafik yang tinggi. Jika memori mencukupi, server tidak akan menggunakan memori cadangan dari swap file yang biasanya berimplikasi pada kecepatan akses data.
4. Pada aplikasi, hindari query SELECT yang tidak spesifik seperti SELECT * …
Pastikan memilih kolom yang akan diambil dan sedapat mungkin hindari model Select *
5. Gunakan indeks pada key table yang sering digunakan. Misalnya pada tabel karyawan yang menggunakan NIK (Nomor Induk Karyawan) sebagai primary key, indeks table menggunakan key ini. Jika ada proses query yang sering menggunakan nama field lainnya, buat indeks juga untuk field tersebut.
Referensi :
MySQL Amazing Tips to Improve, Tuning and Increase MySQL Performance
http://dev.mysql.com/books/hpmysql-excerpts/ch06.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/server-parameters.html
http://www.linux-mag.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=911&Itemid=2035

Tuning MySQL Performance



I just stumbled across this interesting mysql tuning script called MySQLTuner. Don’t see this (or any other similar script) as the magical tool that will optimize your mysel server… There is no such thing, because there are so many different applications and each will require its specific database tunings.
Still, mysqltuner can be very useful tool in many cases, like for ex:

it gives a quick overview on your running mysql configuration and some common sense recommendations.
i really liked how it computes the total amount of memory needed for the current configuration (assuming all global buffers will be used and the maximum number of threads being connected).
very simple usage: you just have to download and run it.

wget http://mysqltuner.com/mysqltuner.pl
perl mysqltuner.pl
The output for a server that has most of the parameters on default might look like:

# ./mysqltuner.pl
MySQL High-Performance Tuner - Major Hayden
Bug reports, feature requests, and downloads at mysqltuner.com
Run with â€˜Ă˘€“help’ for additional options and output filtering
[OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.0.44-log
——– General Statistics ————————————————–
[–] Up for: 15s (15 q [1.000 qps], 8 conn, TX: 20K, RX: 894)
[OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 318.7M (63% of installed RAM)
[OK] Slow queries: 0%
[OK] Highest usage of available connections: 2%
[!!] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 8.0M/64.8M
[!!] Query cache is disabled
[OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 19%
[!!] Thread cache hit rate: 12%
[OK] Table cache hit rate: 80%
[OK] Open file limit used: 4%
[OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 100%
——– Recommendations —————————————————–
General recommendations:
MySQL started within last 24 hours - recommendations may be inaccurate
Variables to increase:
key_buffer_size (> 64.8M)
query_cache_size (>= 8M)
Variables to decrease:
long_query_time (<= 5)
max_seeks_for_key (<= 100)From its documentation:

Memory Usage: Calculates MySQL memory usage at max load and makes recommendations for increasing or decreasing the MySQL memory footprint. Per-thread and server-wide buffer data is calculated separately for an accurate snapshot of the server’s configuration.
Slow Queries: Reviews the amount of slow queries relative to the total queries. Slow query time limits are also analyzed and recommendations are made.
Connections: Current and historical connection counts are reviewed.
Key Buffer: Takes configuration data and compares it to the actual indexes found in MyISAM tables. Key cache hit rates are calculated and variable adjustments are suggested.
Query Cache: Query cache hit rates and usage percentages are used to make recommendations for the query cache configuration variables.
Sorting & Joins: Per-thread buffers that affect sorts and joins are reviewed along with the statistics from the queries run against the server.
Temporary Tables: Variable recommendations are made to reduce temporary tables that are written to the disk.
Table Cache: Compares total tables opened to the currently open tables. Calculates the table cache hit rate in order to make suggestions.
Open Files: Determines if the server will approach or run into the open file limit set by the operating system or the MySQL server itself.
Table Locks: Finds table locking that forces queries to wait and makes suggestions for reducing locks that require a wait.
Thread Cache: Calculates how many times MySQL must create a new thread to respond to a query.
Aborted Connections: Finds applications that are not closing connections to MySQL properly.
Read/Write Ratios: Calculates the percentage of read and write operations on your MySQL installation.
Check it out as it is definitely an interesting script that will give you a quick look at the configuration of your mysql server and start your journey to optimize your mysql server.